ACT
Practice Test

This is an excerpt from <em>Alice and Wonderland</em> by Lewis Carroll (1865)<br/><br/>Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice "without pictures or conversation?"So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.<br/><br/>There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so VERY much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be late!" (when she thought it over afterwards, it occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT-POCKET, and looked at it, and then hurried on, Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit-hole under the hedge.<br/><br/>In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how in the world she was to get out again.<br/><br/>The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.<br/><br/>Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as she passed; it was labelled "ORANGE MARMALADE," but to her great disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as she fell past it.<br/><br/>"Well!" thought Alice to herself, "after such a fall as this, I shall think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they'll all think me at home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even if I fell off the top of the house!" (Which was very likely true).<br/><br/>Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! "I wonder how many miles I've fallen by this time?" she said aloud. "I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four thousand miles down, I think—"(for, you see, Alice had learnt several things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over)—"yes, that's about the right distance—but then I wonder what Latitude or Longitude I've got to?" (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say).<br/><br/>What might we infer from this description?<br/><br/>“The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.”

Spanish in the U.S.<br/><br/>Did you know that the United States has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world? With over 37 million speakers the age of five and older the U.S. alone has more inhabitants that speak Spanish than the whole country of Venezuela.<br/><br/>Spanish students don’t have to study abroad to get a good look into Latin-American culture. There are many cities here in the U.S. with (1) thriving Latino (2) districts that any student of Spanish can visit to practice speaking. Miami, for example, is home to a multitude of diverse Hispanics from all over Latin America and Europe. When walking down the streets of Little Havana (one of the predominantly Hispanic <i>barrios</i>, or neighborhoods) you will hear the Cuban Spanish (3) language variety. In Chicago, the place to hear Mexican Spanish is <i>La Villita.</i><br/><br/>Since Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are the fastest growing linguistic group in the United States, it is common to find Spanish-language television channels (such as Univisión and Telemundo) in larger cities. In fact, it’s thanks to these mass media that there are people (although few) that spend their whole lives in the United States without ever having to learn or speak English. The governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, even commented once that Hispanics in the U.S. need to “turn off the TV in Spanish” in order to learn English more quickly.<br/><br/>But Governor Schwarzenegger ought to know that, according to linguistic research on (4) bilingualism, families of Hispanic heritage (as well as other non-English speaking families) produce English dominant (or English only) speakers by the third generation after their immigration. That means, it is more common than not that the grandchildren of the Mexican immigrant cannot communicate with their grandparent in Spanish. Thus, the Spanish language does not seem to (5) pose a threat in the U.S. society, contrary to what many politicians often suggest in their political rhetoric.<br/><br/>Which of the following is true according to the passage?

The Northern Cities Vowel Shift and Speakers That Adopt It<br/><br/>“The Northern Cities Vowel Shift” is not adopted by all speakers that live in the geographic regions where it is in progress. Studies (1) illustrate that it is mostly European Americans who show evidence of taking on the shift; however, there is little to no research indicating that speakers of African American Vernacular English employ the shift in their speech. Canadians that share proximity to the Great Lakes with speakers that live in the United States also show no evidence of adopting the shift.<br/><br/>This shift, also called “The Northern Cities Shift” (NCS), is a (2) linguistic phenomenon that occurs in the northern geographic area of the United States known as the Inland North, which includes such cities as Rochester, Buffalo, Detroit, and Chicago. Although prominent among some urban inhabitants of the region, NCS is not considered the standard. (3) Linguists describe one change that occurs in speakers of NCS in which the vowel in <i>milk </i>(4) “shifts” down and back (the tongue is lowered and travels back) from a short “i” to a short “e” that could be represented as <i>melk.</i><br/><br/>William Labov, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, is one of the largest contributors to research on the subject of the NCS. His theory is that the shift possibly started when speakers from different (5) language varieties were brought together in the early 1800’s when the Erie Canal was being constructed. People from the East Coast moved to the Great Lakes region, and their dialects mixed resulting in an ongoing shift. However, not all speakers of the Great Lakes region participate in this linguistic variation.<br/><br/>The word “linguistic”, in bold after the (2) in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to:

The following passage is from a discussion of various ways that living creatures have been classified over the years.<br/><br/>(1) The world can be classified in different ways, depending on one's interests and principles of classification. The classifications (also known as taxonomies) in turn determine which comparisons seem natural or unnatural, which literal or analogical. For example, it has been common to classify living creatures into three distinct groups plants, animals, and humans. According to this classification, human beings are not a special kind of animal, nor animals a special kind of plant.<br/><br/>Thus, any comparisons between the three groups are strictly analogical. Reasoning from inheritance in garden peas to inheritance in fruit flies, and from these two species to inheritance in human beings, is sheer poetic metaphor.<br/><br/>(2) Another mode of classifying living creatures is commonly attributed to Aristotle. Instead of treating plants, animals, and humans as distinct groups, they are nested. All living creatures possess a vegetative soul that enables them to grow and metabolize. Of these, some also have a sensory soul that enables them to sense their environments and move. One species also has a rational soul that is capable of true understanding. Thus, human beings are a special sort of animal, and animals are a special sort of plant. Given this classification, reasoning from human beings to all other species with respect to the attributes of the vegetative soul is legitimate, reasoning from human beings to other animals with respect to the attributes of the sensory soul is also legitimate, but reasoning from the rational characteristics of the human species to any other species is merely analogical. According to both classifications, the human species is unique. In the first, it has a kingdom all to itself; in the second, it stands at the pinnacle of the taxonomic hierarchy.<br/><br/>(3) Homo sapiens is unique. All species are. But this sort of uniqueness is not enough for many (probably most) people, philosophers included. For some reason, it is very important that the species to which we belong be uniquely unique. It is of utmost importance that the human species be insulated from all other species with respect to how we explain certain qualities. Human beings clearly are capable of developing and learning languages. For some reason, it is very important that the waggle dance performed by bees does not count as a genuine language. I have never been able to understand why. I happen to think that the waggle dance differs from human languages to such a degree that little is gained by terming them both languages, but even if language is so defined that the waggle dance slips in, bees still remain bees. It is equally important to some that no other species use tools. No matter how ingenious other species get in the manipulation of objects in their environment, it is absolutely essential that nothing they do count as tool use. I, however, fail to see what difference it makes whether any of these devices such as probes and anvils, etc. are really tools. All the species involved remain distinct biological species no matter what decisions are made. Similar observations hold for rationality and anything a computer might do.<br/><br/>Which of the following comparisons would be legitimate for all living organisms according to the Aristotelian scheme described in paragraph two (2)?<br/><br/>I. Comparisons based on the vegetative soul<br/>II. Comparisons based on the sensory soul<br/>III. Comparisons based on the rational soul

Adapted from "Federalist No. 46. The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared" by James Madison in <em>The Federalist Papers</em> by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay (1788)<br/><br/>I proceed to inquire whether the federal government or the state governments will have the advantage with regard to the predilection and support of the people. Notwithstanding the different modes in which they are appointed, we must consider both of them as substantially dependent on the great body of the citizens of the United States. I assume this position here as it respects the first, reserving the proofs for another place. The federal and state governments are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers, and designed for different purposes. The adversaries of the Constitution seem to have lost sight of the people altogether in their reasonings on this subject, and to have viewed these different establishments not only as mutual rivals and enemies, but as uncontrolled by any common superior in their efforts to usurp the authorities of each other. These gentlemen must here be reminded of their error. They must be told that the ultimate authority, wherever the derivative may be found, resides in the people alone, and that it will not depend merely on the comparative ambition or address of the different governments, whether either, or which of them, will be able to enlarge its sphere of jurisdiction at the expense of the other. Truth, no less than decency, requires that the event in every case should be supposed to depend on the sentiments and sanction of their common constituents. <br/><br/>Which of the following is true regarding the author’s perspective on the differences between federal and state governments?

Spanish in the U.S.<br/><br/>Did you know that the United States has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world? With over 37 million speakers the age of five and older the U.S. alone has more inhabitants that speak Spanish than the whole country of Venezuela.<br/><br/>Spanish students don’t have to study abroad to get a good look into Latin-American culture. There are many cities here in the U.S. with (1) thriving Latino (2) districts that any student of Spanish can visit to practice speaking. Miami, for example, is home to a multitude of diverse Hispanics from all over Latin America and Europe. When walking down the streets of Little.<br/><br/>Havana (one of the predominantly Hispanic <i>barrios</i>, or neighborhoods) you will hear the Cuban Spanish (3) language variety. In Chicago, the place to hear Mexican Spanish is <i>La Villita.</i>Since Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are the fastest growing linguistic group in the United States, it is common to find Spanish-language television channels (such as Univisión and Telemundo) in larger cities. In fact, it’s thanks to these mass media that there are people (although few) that spend their whole lives in the United States without ever having to learn or speak English. The governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, even commented once that Hispanics in the U.S. need to “turn off the TV in Spanish” in order to learn English more quickly.<br/><br/>But Governor Schwarzenegger ought to know that, according to linguistic research on (4) bilingualism, families of Hispanic heritage (as well as other non-English speaking families) produce English dominant (or English only) speakers by the third generation after their immigration. That means, it is more common than not that the grandchildren of the Mexican immigrant cannot communicate with their grandparent in Spanish. Thus, the Spanish language does not seem to (5) pose a threat in the U.S. society, contrary to what many politicians often suggest in their political rhetoric.<br/><br/>The word “bilingualism”, in bold after the (4) in paragraph 4, can best be defined as:

DOMA and Its Demise<br/><br/>Many same-sex couples, as well their allies, celebrated when “The Defense of Marriage Act”, known as DOMA, was overturned by the Supreme Court in the summer of 2013. Homosexual couples, who were legally recognized as a (1) union in their state of residence, were finally able to enjoy the same benefits at the national level that their heterosexual counterparts have always enjoyed. Nevertheless, the United States has a long way to go before marriage equality is universal.<br/><br/>DOMA was a (2) federal law that was first enacted in 1996 by the Clinton Administration. It sought to block same-sex couples that were legally married (in states that recognized same-sex marriages), from receiving federal marriage benefits. Under DOMA, the government determined that the word “spouse” was to refer to a heterosexual married couple, thus effectively excluding same-sex spouses from the laws applicable to opposite-sex spouses. Therefore, heterosexual married couples were protected under federal law and homosexual married couples were left unprotected.<br/><br/>Countless same-sex couples felt (3) discriminated against under DOMA and believed that the law was (4) unconstitutional. The Obama Administration, years later, decided it would no longer justify DOMA in court. During the first year of Obama’s second term in office, the law was struck down, and now same-sex couples, who reside in states like Hawaii and Iowa, share the same federal benefits as opposite-sex couples. However, until all of the states in the Union make same-sex marriage legal, the US will not get first place in the (5) race toward equality for everyone.<br/><br/>According to paragraph 3, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Passage 1<br/><br/><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Because it is filled with contradictions, performance is </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>also filled with risk. This is the domain of stage fright. The </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>actor is aware that appearing in front of an audience is a </td></tr><tr><td>Line </td><td>scary proposition. Maintaining the reality of the character is, </td></tr><tr><td>5 </td><td>in itself, a fragile affair; it demands of the actor a series of </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>complex transformations. The actor has the unique problem </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>of hiding and showing at the same time. The actor’s conscious </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>fear is not about making a mistake, but about allowing the </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>audience to see something that it is not supposed to see: </td></tr><tr><td>10 </td><td>namely, the performer’s fear, or stage fright. </td></tr></tbody> </table><br/><br/>Passage 2<br/><br/><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td>The term “stage fright” has largely dropped out of use, </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>because we know now that dwelling on something this </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>malevolent gives it power. If I tell you not to be afraid, </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>you may dwell on your fear. If I say, do not think of </td></tr><tr><td>15 </td><td>fast-food burgers under any circumstances, a line of </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>them will parade through your mind. The key to most </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>fears is substitution. On the simplest level, you replace </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>the ogre with something less menacing to fill your </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>consciousness. If you will imagine yourself to be a </td></tr><tr><td>20 </td><td>host rather than an actor, and think more about the </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>comfort of your listeners than their verdicts, everything </td></tr><tr><td></td><td>will fall into place. </td></tr></tbody> </table><br/><br/>In the context of Passage 1, the phrase "Maintaining the reality of the character" (line 4) most directly refers to

Many same-sex couples, as well their allies, celebrated when “The Defense of Marriage Act”, known as DOMA, was overturned by the Supreme Court in the summer of 2013. Homosexual couples, who were legally recognized as a (1) union in their state of residence, were finally able to enjoy the same benefits at the national level that their heterosexual counterparts have always enjoyed. Nevertheless, the United States has a long way to go before marriage equality is universal.<br/><br/>DOMA was a (2) federal law that was first enacted in 1996 by the Clinton Administration. It sought to block same-sex couples that were legally married (in states that recognized same-sex marriages), from receiving federal marriage benefits. Under DOMA, the government determined that the word “spouse” was to refer to a heterosexual married couple, thus effectively excluding same-sex spouses from the laws applicable to opposite-sex spouses. Therefore, heterosexual married couples were protected under federal law and homosexual married couples were left unprotected.<br/><br/>Countless same-sex couples felt (3) discriminated against under DOMA and believed that the law was (4) unconstitutional. The Obama Administration, years later, decided it would no longer justify DOMA in court. During the first year of Obama’s second term in office, the law was struck down, and now same-sex couples, who reside in states like Hawaii and Iowa, share the same federal benefits as opposite-sex couples. However, until all of the states in the Union make same-sex marriage legal, the US will not get first place in the (5) race toward equality for everyone.<br/><br/>The word “federal”, in bold after the (2) in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to:

Identify the attitude of the following writing sample: When I walked into the kitchen, I was immediately transported back to my childhood. The gingham curtains, old-fashioned stove, simple table and chairs, and wonderful aromas reminded me strongly of my grandmother's kitchen years and years ago.

Which of the following is NOT a step in analyzing an individual text?

The Northern Cities Vowel Shift and Speakers That Adopt It<br/><br/>“The Northern Cities Vowel Shift” is not adopted by all speakers that live in the geographic regions where it is in progress. Studies (1) illustrate that it is mostly European Americans who show evidence of taking on the shift; however, there is little to no research indicating that speakers of African American Vernacular English employ the shift in their speech. Canadians that share proximity to the Great Lakes with speakers that live in the United States also show no evidence of adopting the shift.<br/><br/>This shift, also called “The Northern Cities Shift” (NCS), is a (2) linguistic phenomenon that occurs in the northern geographic area of the United States known as the Inland North, which includes such cities as Rochester, Buffalo, Detroit, and Chicago. Although prominent among some urban inhabitants of the region, NCS is not considered the standard. (3) Linguists describe one change that occurs in speakers of NCS in which the vowel in <i>milk </i>(4) “shifts” down and back (the tongue is lowered and travels back) from a short “i” to a short “e” that could be represented as <i>melk.</i><br/><br/>William Labov, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, is one of the largest contributors to research on the subject of the NCS. His theory is that the shift possibly started when speakers from different (5) language varieties were brought together in the early 1800’s when the Erie Canal was being constructed. People from the East Coast moved to the Great Lakes region, and their dialects mixed resulting in an ongoing shift.<br/><br/>However, not all speakers of the Great Lakes region participate in this linguistic variation.According to paragraphs 2 and 3, all of the following statements are true of the Northern Cities Vowel Shift EXCEPT:

Some scientists theorize that treatable human bleeding disorders are caused by abnormalities in the amplification process and are characterized by a Factor 9 deficiency. This hypothesis would be most strengthened if it were true that:

Amino acids, when strung together in extensive chains, serve as the building blocks of muscles and proteins. At around 37ºC, these amino acid chains allow the body to carry out both macroscopic processes, like moving arms and legs, and microscopic processes, like increasing the rate of chemical reactions.<br/><br/>A special class of proteins called enzymes assists in combining reactants to produce products by speeding up the rate of a reaction in one of three ways.<br/><br/>The first way enzymes increase reaction rate is by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. This is done by balancing positively charged amino acids with negatively charged amino acids, creating an electrically neutral environment. This process is called electrostatic interaction.<br/><br/>Another way enzymes increase reaction rate is through the use of non-charged amino acids, such as valine and isoleucine, in a process called Van der Waals interactions. In Van der Waals interactions, the non-charged amino acids become temporarily polarized, similar to the permanent polarity of positively and negatively charged amino acids. This interaction brings non-charged amino acids together to stabilize the reactants.<br/><br/>The final way enzymes increase reaction rates is by sharing the electrons in its hydrogen atoms with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on the reactant molecules to trap them at the active site. The active site is the part of an enzyme where molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.<br/><br/>Enzymes are designed to work in specific parts of the body depending on their functions. For example, an enzyme in the stomach responsible for breaking down food would work most effectively at low pH while an enzyme in the small intestine responsible for absorbing food would work most effectively at high pH. Some enzymes, such as those that function in the blood, work best at intermediate pH. Some enzymes function better at lower temperatures while others require higher temperatures. All enzymes have exponential relationships between their rates of reactions and both pH and temperature, meaning that they function best in narrow pH and temperature windows. Graphs of four enzymes and their rates of reaction at various pH levels and temperature are presented below.<br/><br/><img src="asset:assets/questions/f4d3a6f566d0190c.png"><img src="asset:assets/questions/b711d78377f039df.png"><br/><br/>According to the passage, one way an enzyme increases the rate of reaction is by <code>________</code>.

A constant among the trials in this experiment is:

The study results indicate that definite but substandard math capability is most probably exhibited by:

Choose the answer which best rewords the italicized portion. If you think the original wording is best, choose option A.<br/><br/><i>Her brother a prominent businessman</i> supported her financially.

Communist rule in Poland ended in 1989 and the following year proved disastrous for the Polish economy. Prices rapidly ballooned while incomes dropped. Attempting to find a solution, <strong>the Balcerowicz Plan was implemented by Polish officials</strong>. The plan liberalized the economy by abolishing price controls, exposing markets to international competition, and it discontinued most industrial subsidies. In the time of the years following these efforts, economic growth has increased steady.<br/><br/>After years of negotiations and economic and political reforms, Poland became a member of The European Union on May 1, 2004. Soon after, Polish officials voted in favor for laws that would eventually mend the unemployment problem in Poland significantly. In fact, the unemployment rate improved for the first time in five years immediately following Poland's membership. The involvement of Poland in the Eastern Bloc is currently greater than the Czech Republic. The passage of two policies regarding energy credits from foreign countries provide evidence of the emergence of Poland in the global economy.<br/><br/>Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Replace the underlined portion with the answer choice that results in a sentence that is clear, precise, and meets the requirements of standard written English.<br/><br/>The novel was a long rambling mess that often confuse readers.

J.K. Rowling<br/><br/>[1]<br/>While many people may get frustrated with train delays, Joanne Rowling turned her experience into a life-changing story. She began writing about a young wizard while delayed at a Manchester station stop, and brought Harry Potter to life &lt;1&gt;over the next five years. The Philosopher’s Stone was the first of seven children’s books published under her pen name J. K. The Harry Potter series has sold over 447 million copies worldwide and been translated into seventy-three languages, including Latin and Ancient Greek.&lt;2&gt;<br/><br/>[2]<br/>When the Philosopher’s Stone was published &lt;3&gt;in 1997, the book industry had given up on young readers. It’s &lt;4&gt;first edition was a mere 500 books, and most copies were sent to public libraries across England. By the time Rowling’s seventh Harry Potter novel was published in 2007, Rowling had already become the woman who put a new face on children’s literacy. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hollows, the final installation, has &lt;5&gt;a word count of nearly 1.1 million words, and sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of its release.&lt;6&gt;<br/><br/>[3]<br/>Today, Rowling spends much &lt;7&gt;of her time working with her foundation, Lumos, which is named after a spell in the Potter series that brought light into darkness. &lt;8&gt;She founded &lt;9&gt;the nonprofit organization after seeing a photograph of a child in a caged bed who appeared to be screaming through its chain links. Rowling was overcome by the image that she &lt;10&gt;vowed to use her money and popularity to raise awareness of the 8 million children who live in such institutions globally. According to research, over 80% of orphaned children have living relatives which &lt;11&gt;cannot care for them because of poverty or disability. The staff at Lumos equip families with necessary resources to provide for their children rather than leaving them institutionalized. Lumos’ long-term goal is the closure of every orphanage around the world, by returning all children to live with its &lt;12&gt;families, either biological or adoptive.<br/><br/>[4]<br/>Rowling once said, “Happiness can be found in the darkest places if one only remembers to turn on the light”. &lt;13&gt;J. K. Rowling has created happiness for millions of children through make- believe stories of triumph and real-life stories of hope.&lt;15&gt;

Adapted from <em>Looking Backward: 2000 to 1887 </em>by Edward Bellamy (1888)<br/><br/>I first saw the light in the city of Boston in the year 1857. "What" you say "eighteen fifty-seven? That is an odd slip. He means nineteen fifty-seven, of course." I beg pardon, but there is no mistake. It was about four in the afternoon of December the 26th, one day after Christmas, in the year 1857, not 1957, that I first breathed the east wind of Boston, which, I assure the reader, was at that remote period marked by the same penetrating quality characterizing it in the present year of grace, 2000.<br/><br/>These statements seem so absurd on their face, especially when I add that I am a young man apparently of about thirty years of age, that no person can be blamed for refusing to read another word of what promises to be a mere imposition upon his credulity. Nevertheless I earnestly assure the reader that no imposition is intended, and will undertake if he shall follow me a few pages to entirely convince him of this. If I may, then, provisionally assume, with the pledge of justifying the assumption, that I know better than the reader when I was born, I will go on with my narrative.<br/><br/>Which of the following would be an acceptable replacement for the underlined phrase?

The Gateway Arch -<br/><br/>[1]<br/>The skyline of St. Louis, Missouri, is fairly unremarkable, with one huge exception, the &lt;1&gt; Gateway Arch that stands on the banks of the Mississippi. Part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, the Arch is a really cool monument &lt;2&gt; built to honor St. Louis' role as the gateway to the West.<br/><br/>[2]<br/>Construction on the 630-foot high structure began, in 1961, &lt;3&gt; and was completed four years later in 1965. The monument includes an underground visitor center that explores westward expansion through galleries and a theater. Two passenger trams take visitors to the Observation Room and the Museum of Westward Expansion at the top.<br/><br/>[3]<br/>In 1947, a group of interested citizens known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association held a nationwide competition to select a design for a new monument that would celebrate &lt;4&gt; the growth of the United States. Other U.S. monuments are spires, statues, or imposed buildings, &lt;5&gt; but the winner of this contest was a plan for a completely unique structure. The man that &lt;6&gt; submitted the winning design, Eero Saarinen, later became a famous architect. In designing the Arch, Saarinen wanted to create a monument which would have lasting significance and would be a landmark of our time.<br/><br/>[4]<br/>The Gateway Arch is a masterpiece of engineering, a monument even taller than the Great Pyramid in Egypt, and on its own way, &lt;7&gt; at least as majestic.<br/><br/>The Gateway is an inverted catenary curve, the same shape that a heavy chain will form if suspended between two points. Covered from top to bottom with sleek stainless steel coating, &lt;8&gt; the Arch often reflects dazzling bursts of sunlight. In a beautiful display of symmetry, the height of the arch is the same as the distance between the legs at ground level.&lt;2&gt;:

Which choice most strongly suggests that the experience in Haiti was a positive one for the writer?<br/><br/>Haiti<br/><br/>[1]<br/>Although my friends and family were skeptical of whether &lt;1&gt; I would be safe, I boarded the plane in New York boldly &lt;2&gt;and flew to Haiti. My college roommate had agreed to take medical supplies to a rural clinic where his brother was a physician, and I agreed to go and help.<br/><br/>[2]<br/>When me and my roommate &lt;3&gt;landed at the airport in the capital Port au Prince, the chaos inside the airport was frightening. Dozens of men approached us while gesturing to our luggage, and yelling at us in Creole. They wanted us to select their taxis. I was thrilled &lt;4&gt;when my roommate smiled at someone who called our names through the crowd.<br/><br/>[3]<br/>Papi, our designated transporter, was a Haitian man in his early twenties who works &lt;5&gt;for the physician. He warmly welcomed us to his country, and seemed to have a great sense of humor.&lt;6&gt; He laughed nonstop during our ride through the capital city. Once we were on the open highway, Papi taught us basic Creole greetings to pass the time during our excessively long four-hour commute. &lt;7&gt;<br/><br/>[4]<br/>The mountainous town where we would spend the week was beautiful, and I immediately fell in love with the place and its people. The views rocked! &lt;8&gt;Even though I could not fluently speak Creole, I made the most of my time with the land and its inhabitants. Several daily tasks kept me busy that week. The medical clinic was a modest two-room building, and their &lt;9&gt;staff needed help reorganizing the supply pantry. I removed, counted, sorted, and restocked supplies, &lt;10&gt;before adding the additional resources we brought from the United States. After I cleaned and organized the supply pantry, I assisted a visiting nutritionist with distributing vitamins to the locals. &lt;11&gt;<br/><br/>[5]<br/>Each evening, two dozen young children would sit on the porch where my roommate and I stayed. They laughed constantly, they &lt;12&gt;always found joy in the simplest of things. They did teach &lt;13&gt;us to count in Creole and read children’s stories to us in French. They invited us to kick balls with them and chase yard chickens. Even though they did not have many toys, the children entertained one another with conversation, laughter and storytelling.<br/><br/>[6]<br/>When it was time to leave Haiti and return to New York, I was sad to say goodbye. Although my roommate and I delivered medical supplies to their community, the people gave us memories that will last the rest of our lives.&lt;14&gt;<br/><br/>Which choice most strongly suggests that the experience in Haiti was a positive one for the writer?

The bayou was quiet, except for the sounds of insects, water and the occasional alligator. Jim was cleaning his blade, which he had recently used to dispatch one of the undead. His partner Bill and him had come out to the bayou for their nightly patrol and they had found a nest of the undead by an old abandoned dock.<br/><br/><strong>"Hey, Bill!," he shouted gleefully</strong>, mindless of whether the noise would attract more undead. "Where'd you go, man?"A noise to his left had startled him. He turned quick and saw the man who had been closest to him than a brother for the past six months walking slowly toward him.<br/><br/>"Whew," he said: "there you are." He went back to cleaning his blade. "I thought one of those things had got 'cha."Standing in the dark, the light of the moon did not reach his partners face. The sudden silence caused Jim to look up again. "What's the matter with you, Bill?"It was only when the thing that was once Bill stepped into the light and Jim saw the fresh bite on it's newly dead face that he realized what the matter was.<br/><br/>Choose the answer that best corrects the bolded portion of the passage. If the bolded portion is correct as written, choose "NO CHANGE."

Wilma Rudolph -<br/><br/>[1]<br/>Wilma Rudolph was born a premature child in 1940, in Clarksville, Tennessee. Weighing &lt;1&gt; only four-and-a-half pounds. Wilma's mother did her best to care for her daughter, but the Rudolphs were very poor, and the local hospital would not care for Wilma. During her childhood, Wilma contracted measles, mumps, scarlet fever, chicken pox, pneumonia, and later, polio, a crippling disease which at that time had no cure. At the age of four, she was told she would never walk again.<br/><br/>[2]<br/>But Wilma's mother refused to give up. She found an African American medical college fifty miles away that would give Wilma the care she needs. &lt;2&gt;<br/><br/>Although it was difficult to make the trip, Mrs. Rudolph took Wilma to the college twice a week. After two years of treatment, Wilma could walk with a brace. With her family's help, Wilma was able to walk normally without the aid of a crutch or brace by age twelve.<br/><br/>[3]<br/>But simply walking wasn't enough for Wilma, who wanted to be &lt;3&gt; an athlete. She decided to play basketball, and for three years, she practiced with the team but didn't play in a single game. Then, in her sophomore year of high school, Wilma became a starting guard. For scoring she broke the state records &lt;4&gt; and led her team to the state championship. At the age of sixteen, she traveled to Melbourne, Australia, to run track events in the 1956 Olympics. She earned a bronze medal as part of a relay team.<br/><br/>[4]<br/>After the high school from which she graduated, &lt;5&gt;Wilma was awarded a full scholarship to Tennessee State University, and her track career went into high gear. Before she earned her degree in education, she took a year off from her studies to compete all over the world. In 1960, Wilma's career as a runner reached its apex. She set a world record in the 200-meter race at the Olympic trials, &lt;6&gt; at the Olympics in Rome, she won the 100-meters, the 200-meters, and ran the anchor leg on the winning 4ֳ—100-meter relay team.<br/><br/>[5]<br/>Wilma was proudest of a different kind of victory, in conclusion. &lt;7&gt; When she returned from her triumphs in Rome, and she insisted that the homecoming parade held in her honor not be a segregated event. This parade was the first racially integrated event ever held in Clarksville. Wilma continued to participate in protests until Clarksville's segregation laws were finally changed. &lt;8&gt;&lt;7&gt;:

Solve for <em>z</em>: <img src="asset:assets/questions/fc642e7f3060db7a.gif">.

Which of the following is equivalent to <img src="asset:assets/questions/21fbf500c15568a8.gif">

What is the area of the shaded sector shown? <br/><br/><img src="asset:assets/questions/c4960e181ea30eec.png">

Find the volume of a sphere whose diameter is <tex>\displaystyle 4</tex>.

Gabriella wants to make a model to determine how quickly an oven will heat up to a specified temperature. She sets the oven at 450 degrees. After two minutes, the temperature in the oven is 100 degrees. After four minutes, the temperature is 130 degrees, and after six minutes, the temperature is 160 degrees. <br/><br/>Which kind of function would best model this data?