CFA Level 1
Practice Test
Practice for the CFA Level 1 with realistic exam questions, full explanations, timed mock exams and progress tracking — fully offline.
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CFA Level 1 exam — full Q&A walkthrough
Every question read aloud with the answer explained. Play it on your commute, then test yourself.
30 free CFA Level 1 questions
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Ethical & Professional Standards
Under the CFA Institute Code of Ethics, members are required to act with which quality toward clients, employers, and the public?
Correct — A. The Code of Ethics requires members to act with integrity, competence, diligence, and respect, placing the integrity of the profession and the interests of clients above their own personal interests. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
An analyst learns that a new securities regulation in her country is less strict than the relevant CFA Institute Standard. Which must she follow?
Correct — B. Standard I(A) requires members to comply with the more strict of applicable law or the Code and Standards. When the Standard is stricter than local law, the member must adhere to the Standard. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Which act most clearly violates Standard I(D) Misconduct?
Correct — C. Standard I(D) prohibits conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, or deceit, or any act that reflects adversely on professional reputation, integrity, or competence. A fraud conviction is a direct violation. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
A portfolio manager overhears, in an airport, two executives of a public company discussing an unannounced, material merger. The information is material and nonpublic. Under Standard II(A), the manager should:
Correct — D. Standard II(A) prohibits acting or causing others to act on material nonpublic information, regardless of how it was obtained. Accidental possession does not permit trading. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Entering and quickly cancelling large orders to create a false impression of demand and move a stock's price is best described as a violation of:
Correct — A. Standard II(B) prohibits practices that distort prices or artificially inflate trading volume to mislead market participants, including transaction-based manipulation such as spoofing. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard III(A) requires that when a member has discretionary authority over a client account, the member must place:
Correct — B. Standard III(A) Loyalty, Prudence, and Care requires members to act for the benefit of clients and place clients' interests before their employer's or their own interests. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
To comply with Standard III(B) Fair Dealing when disseminating a new investment recommendation, a firm should:
Correct — C. Standard III(B) requires that members deal fairly and objectively with all clients when disseminating recommendations, communicating to all eligible clients on an equitable basis. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Before making a recommendation to a client with an investment policy statement, Standard III(C) Suitability requires a member to ensure the investment is consistent with the client's:
Correct — D. Standard III(C) requires that recommendations fit the client's financial situation, constraints, risk tolerance, and objectives, and suit the basket as part of the total portfolio. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard III(D) Performance Presentation requires that communications about investment performance be:
Correct — A. Standard III(D) requires members to make reasonable efforts to ensure performance information is fair, accurate, and complete, and not to misrepresent past results. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Under Standard III(E) Preservation of Confidentiality, a member may disclose confidential client information when:
Correct — B. Standard III(E) requires keeping client information confidential unless it concerns illegal activities, disclosure is required by law, or the client permits disclosure. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
An analyst plans to leave her firm to start a competing business. Before resigning, Standard IV(A) Loyalty prohibits her from:
Correct — C. Standard IV(A) permits preparing to compete on personal time but prohibits misappropriating the employer's confidential information, client lists, or other property before departure. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
A client offers a portfolio manager a luxury vacation if the portfolio beats its benchmark. Under Standard IV(B), the manager must:
Correct — D. Standard IV(B) Additional Compensation Arrangements requires written consent from the employer before accepting compensation or benefits that may create a conflict with the employer's interest. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard IV(C) Responsibilities of Supervisors requires that a member with supervisory authority:
Correct — A. Standard IV(C) requires supervisors to make reasonable efforts to prevent and detect violations, including ensuring adequate compliance procedures are in place and enforced. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard V(A) Diligence and Reasonable Basis requires that recommendations and actions be supported by:
Correct — B. Standard V(A) requires members to exercise diligence, independence, and thoroughness, and to have a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research, for any recommendation. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Under Standard V(B) Communication with Clients, a member must distinguish between:
Correct — C. Standard V(B) requires members to distinguish clearly between fact and opinion, disclose the basic process and risks, and identify limitations of the analysis communicated to clients. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard V(C) Record Retention requires members to maintain records that support their:
Correct — D. Standard V(C) requires developing and maintaining records supporting analysis, recommendations, and investment actions; CFA Institute recommends a minimum retention of seven years absent other requirements. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard VI(A) Disclosure of Conflicts requires a member who owns a large personal stake in a stock he recommends to:
Correct — A. Standard VI(A) requires full and fair disclosure of all matters that could impair independence and objectivity, such as personal ownership, so clients can judge the conflict for themselves. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Standard VI(B) Priority of Transactions requires that investment transactions for clients and employers take priority over:
Correct — B. Standard VI(B) requires client and employer transactions to take priority over transactions in which a member or covered person is a beneficial owner, preventing members from front-running clients. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Under Standard VI(C) Referral Fees, a member who receives a fee for referring clients to a service provider must:
Correct — C. Standard VI(C) requires disclosure to clients and employers of any compensation or benefit received for, or paid for, recommending products or services, so clients can assess the potential bias. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
A CFA candidate shares specific essay questions she recalls from the exam on an online forum. This violates:
Correct — D. Standard VII(A) prohibits conduct that compromises the integrity, validity, or security of CFA Institute programs, including disclosing confidential exam content. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Which statement about the CFA designation complies with Standard VII(B)?
Correct — A. Standard VII(B) prohibits misrepresenting the meaning of the designation. 'CFA' is an adjective, not a noun, and only those awarded the charter may state they are charterholders; no superiority of performance may be implied. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
The Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) are best described as:
Correct — B. GIPS are voluntary, ethical standards based on fair representation and full disclosure that firms adopt to present investment performance consistently and comparably. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
To claim GIPS compliance, a firm must:
Correct — C. GIPS compliance is a firm-wide commitment; a firm cannot claim partial compliance. All actual, fee-paying, discretionary portfolios must be included in at least one composite. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
An analyst is invited on an issuer-paid trip with lavish entertainment to tour a company before writing a report. To best preserve independence under Standard I(B), the analyst should:
Correct — D. Standard I(B) requires maintaining independence and objectivity; modest, customary business benefits may be acceptable, but analysts should pay their own travel costs when feasible to avoid the appearance of being compromised. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Brokerage commissions paid from client accounts (client brokerage) should be used by a manager to benefit primarily:
Correct — A. Under Standard III(A), brokerage is an asset of the client and must be used to benefit the client, for example through best execution and research that benefits the client, not the manager personally. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
In allocating shares of a hot, oversubscribed IPO among suitable clients, a member best complies with Standard III(B) by:
Correct — B. Fair Dealing requires equitable allocation of limited new issues among all suitable clients, typically pro rata, and members may not participate personally to the disadvantage of clients. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
Copying a third-party research report's analysis and presenting it as one's own without attribution violates the prohibition on:
Correct — C. Standard I(C) prohibits misrepresentation, including plagiarism, copying or using substantially the same materials prepared by others without acknowledgment of the source. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
An employee discovers her employer is engaged in ongoing illegal activity that harms clients. Acting against the employer's instructions to disclose this to authorities is:
Correct — D. Standard IV(A) Loyalty generally favors the employer, but whistleblowing to protect clients, the integrity of capital markets, or the public from illegal or unethical acts is permitted when those interests outweigh loyalty to the employer. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
According to the CFA Institute Code of Ethics, members and candidates are required to:
Correct — B. The CFA Institute Code of Ethics requires members and candidates to act with integrity, competence, diligence, and respect in all professional activities. This is one of the foundational elements of the Code. -
Ethical & Professional Standards
An analyst works in a country where insider trading is not illegal. Under the CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct, the analyst should:
Correct — C. Standard I(A) requires members to comply with the more strict of applicable law or CFA Institute Standards. Since CFA Standards prohibit trading on material nonpublic information, the analyst must follow the Standards even when local law is less restrictive.
CFA Level 1 sample questions
Tap any question below to reveal the answer and a plain-English explanation.
Ethical & Professional Standards A portfolio manager overhears a conversation in an elevator between two executives of a publicly traded company discussing an unannounced merger. The portfolio manager should MOST likely:
A. Refrain from trading and consult the firm's compliance department ✓
B. Trade immediately since the information was obtained passively
C. Disclose the information to other clients so all have equal access
D. Trade only in accounts where clients have given discretionary authority
Correct — A. Under Standard II(A), regardless of how material nonpublic information is obtained, members must not trade or cause others to trade on such information. The appropriate action is to refrain from trading and consult compliance.
Quantitative Methods You invest 1,000 today at an annual rate of 5% compounded annually. What is the value after 2 years?
A. 1,102.50 ✓
B. 1,100.00
C. 1,050.00
D. 1,025.00
Correct — A. FV = 1,000 x (1.05)² = 1,000 x 1.1025 = 1,102.50. Compounding earns interest on previously accrued interest.
Economics Holding other factors constant, an increase in the price of a normal good typically causes the quantity demanded to:
A. Decrease ✓
B. Increase
C. Stay constant
D. Become zero
Correct — A. The law of demand states that, all else equal, quantity demanded falls as price rises, producing a downward-sloping demand curve.
Financial Statement Analysis Which financial statement reports a company's revenues and expenses over a period of time?
A. The balance sheet
B. The statement of cash flows from financing
C. The notes only
D. The income statement ✓
Correct — D. The income statement (statement of profit or loss) reports revenues, expenses, and resulting net income over a reporting period.
Corporate Issuers Which group is considered a primary stakeholder of a corporation?
A. Competitors
B. Unrelated foreign governments
C. The general public only
D. Shareholders and creditors ✓
Correct — D. Primary stakeholders include shareholders, creditors, employees, customers, and suppliers, those with a direct economic interest in the firm's operations and outcomes.
Equity Investments A market in which newly issued securities are sold to investors for the first time is the:
A. Secondary market
B. Derivatives market
C. Money market only
D. Primary market ✓
Correct — D. The primary market is where issuers sell new securities (e.g., IPOs) and receive the proceeds; subsequent trading among investors occurs in the secondary market.
Fixed Income The coupon rate of a bond determines the:
A. Market price at issuance only
B. Bond's credit rating
C. Time to maturity
D. Periodic interest payments relative to par value ✓
Correct — D. The coupon rate, applied to the bond's par (face) value, sets the fixed periodic interest payments the issuer promises to pay bondholders.
Derivatives & Alternatives A derivative is best defined as a financial instrument whose value is:
A. Independent of any other asset
B. Always equal to par
C. Set by the government
D. Derived from the value of an underlying asset or rate ✓
Correct — D. A derivative derives its value from an underlying asset, index, or rate, such as a stock, commodity, interest rate, or currency.
About the CFA Level 1 test
The CFA Level 1 measures the Finance & Accounting knowledge you'll actually rely on — tested the way the real exam asks it, not with trick questions. Practising real CFA Level 1-style questions, then sitting a full timed mock exam, is the fastest way to walk in knowing you'll pass.
You will be tested on
- The core topics and terminology you'll be tested on
- Rules, standards and best-practice procedures
- Real-world scenarios and how to respond
- Common mistakes and how to avoid them
How TheoryPractice helps you pass
- Real exam-style questions with instant, detailed explanations
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Topics in this question bank
The core topics and terminology you'll be tested on
Rules, standards and best-practice procedures
Real-world scenarios and how to respond
Common mistakes and how to avoid them
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