TheoryCLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
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30 free CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep questions
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CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
An LPN is caring for a resident with chronic heart failure. Which finding best indicates the heart's reduced ability to pump blood effectively to meet the body's metabolic demands?
Correct — D. Decreased cardiac output leads to compensatory mechanisms including fluid retention by the kidneys, resulting in dependent edema (swelling in feet and ankles). This is a direct result of the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently, causing blood to back up in the venous system. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a barrel-shaped chest. This anatomical change is primarily caused by which pathophysiological process?
Correct — C. In COPD, chronic air trapping occurs because damaged alveoli lose their elasticity and airways collapse during exhalation. This leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to become barrel-shaped as the anteroposterior diameter increases. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A nurse reviews lab results showing a serum creatinine level of 2.8 mg/dL (normal 0.6-1.2 mg/dL) in a resident with chronic kidney disease. This finding indicates dysfunction in which primary kidney function?
Correct — B. Creatinine is a waste product filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys. Elevated serum creatinine indicates the glomerular filtration rate is decreased, meaning the kidneys are not effectively filtering waste products from the blood. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
An elderly resident with type 2 diabetes has a fasting blood glucose of 245 mg/dL. The nurse understands this indicates which pancreatic dysfunction?
Correct — A. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreatic beta cells either do not produce sufficient insulin or the body's cells become resistant to insulin. Elevated fasting glucose indicates inadequate insulin effect, preventing glucose from entering cells for energy use. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures due to which age-related change in bone physiology?
Correct — D. Osteoporosis occurs when bone resorption (breakdown) by osteoclasts exceeds bone formation by osteoblasts, resulting in decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. This imbalance is common in aging, especially post-menopausal women. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
The nurse assesses a stage 3 pressure injury on a resident's sacrum. Understanding the integumentary system, the nurse knows this wound extends through which layers?
Correct — C. A stage 3 pressure injury involves full-thickness skin loss extending through the epidermis and dermis into the subcutaneous tissue (fat layer). Muscle, tendon, and bone are not exposed in stage 3 injuries. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with Parkinson's disease exhibits tremors at rest and muscle rigidity. These symptoms result from degeneration of neurons in which area of the brain?
Correct — B. Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, part of the basal ganglia. This dopamine deficiency leads to the characteristic tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia seen in Parkinson's disease. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) experiences heartburn. The nurse explains this occurs because of malfunction of which anatomical structure?
Correct — A. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) normally prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. In GERD, the LES relaxes inappropriately or weakens, allowing acidic gastric contents to reflux into the esophagus, causing heartburn. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
An elderly resident has decreased bladder capacity and experiences urinary frequency. This is primarily due to which age-related change in the urinary system?
Correct — D. With aging, the bladder muscle (detrusor) loses elasticity and tone, reducing bladder capacity. The bladder cannot hold as much urine, leading to increased urinary frequency and urgency in elderly individuals. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with anemia has a hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL (normal 12-16 g/dL for women). The nurse understands this will primarily affect which physiological process?
Correct — C. Hemoglobin in red blood cells is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. Low hemoglobin means reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to tissue hypoxia and symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with emphysema has decreased surface area for gas exchange. This pathological change primarily affects which lung structures?
Correct — B. Emphysema destroys the walls of alveoli, causing them to merge into larger air spaces. This reduces the total surface area available for gas exchange between air and blood, impairing oxygenation. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
The nurse notes a resident's serum potassium level is 6.2 mEq/L (normal 3.5-5.0 mEq/L). Understanding homeostasis, which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining potassium balance?
Correct — A. The kidneys regulate potassium balance by filtering potassium from the blood and either reabsorbing it or excreting it in urine based on the body's needs. Elevated potassium (hyperkalemia) often indicates impaired kidney function. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with hypothyroidism reports feeling cold, fatigued, and has gained weight. These symptoms result from decreased production of thyroid hormones, which primarily regulate which body function?
Correct — D. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are the primary regulators of metabolic rate in the body. Decreased thyroid hormone production slows metabolism, leading to weight gain, cold intolerance, fatigue, and other symptoms of hypothyroidism. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
An elderly resident has kyphosis, causing a stooped posture. This condition primarily affects which part of the skeletal system?
Correct — C. Kyphosis is an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, creating a hunched or stooped appearance. It is common in elderly individuals due to osteoporosis, vertebral compression fractures, or degenerative changes in the spine. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with peripheral arterial disease has decreased pedal pulses and cool lower extremities. The nurse understands this results from which circulatory problem?
Correct — B. Peripheral arterial disease involves narrowing or blockage of arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis, which reduces blood flow to the extremities. Decreased arterial perfusion causes weak pulses, cool skin, and inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident's laboratory results show a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 45 mg/dL (normal 7-20 mg/dL). This elevated value most likely indicates dysfunction in which organ?
Correct — A. BUN measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, a waste product of protein metabolism that is normally filtered by the kidneys. Elevated BUN indicates the kidneys are not effectively filtering and excreting waste products. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with Alzheimer's disease has progressive memory loss and confusion. The nurse understands this neurodegenerative disease primarily affects which brain structure responsible for memory formation?
Correct — D. The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, is essential for forming new memories and spatial navigation. Alzheimer's disease causes atrophy and neuronal death in the hippocampus early in the disease process, leading to memory impairment. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with cirrhosis has abdominal distention due to ascites. This fluid accumulation occurs primarily because of which altered liver function?
Correct — C. The liver produces albumin, a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure to keep fluid in blood vessels. In cirrhosis, decreased albumin production and increased portal vein pressure cause fluid to leak into the abdominal cavity, forming ascites. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
The nurse assesses diminished breath sounds in the lower lobes of an immobile resident's lungs. Understanding respiratory anatomy, this finding suggests which complication?
Correct — B. Immobility and shallow breathing can cause mucus and fluid to accumulate in dependent lung areas (lower lobes), leading to atelectasis (partial lung collapse) or pneumonia. This results in diminished breath sounds in the affected areas. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with chronic venous insufficiency has brown discoloration and edema in the lower legs. The nurse understands this results from which pathophysiological change in the venous system?
Correct — A. In chronic venous insufficiency, incompetent valves in leg veins allow blood to pool rather than return efficiently to the heart. This increased venous pressure causes fluid to leak into tissues (edema) and red blood cells to break down, depositing hemosiderin that causes brown skin discoloration. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
When should the LPN/LVN perform hand hygiene when caring for a resident with a urinary catheter?
Correct — D. Hand hygiene must be performed both before and after any patient contact, including procedures like catheter care. This is a fundamental infection control practice that prevents transmission of microorganisms to and from the patient. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident in a long-term care facility has been diagnosed with Clostridium difficile infection. Which precaution should the nurse implement?
Correct — C. C. difficile requires contact precautions, which include gown and gloves for all patient contact. Additionally, hand washing with soap and water (not alcohol-based sanitizer) is required because alcohol does not kill C. difficile spores. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A practical nurse finds a resident lying on the floor beside the bed. What is the FIRST action the nurse should take?
Correct — B. The priority is to assess the resident for injuries before moving them. This ensures appropriate intervention and prevents further harm. The nurse should check level of consciousness, pain, visible injuries, and ability to move extremities before proceeding. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
Which intervention is the BEST alternative to physical restraints for a confused resident who frequently attempts to get out of bed?
Correct — A. A low bed with floor mats reduces fall risk without restricting the resident's movement or autonomy. This is a restraint alternative that maintains safety while preserving dignity and rights. Physical restraints should only be used as a last resort. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A fire alarm sounds in a long-term care facility. Using the RACE protocol, what does the 'A' represent?
Correct — D. In the RACE fire safety protocol, 'A' stands for Alarm - activate the fire alarm system. The complete sequence is: Rescue (remove residents from danger), Alarm (activate alarm), Contain (close doors to contain fire and smoke), and Extinguish/Evacuate (extinguish if safe or evacuate). -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
When transferring a heavy resident from bed to wheelchair, which body mechanics principle should the nurse follow to prevent injury?
Correct — C. Keeping feet shoulder-width apart and bending at the knees provides a stable base of support and uses the large leg muscles instead of the back muscles. This proper body mechanics technique prevents musculoskeletal injuries, particularly to the lower back. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident with tuberculosis is admitted to the long-term care facility. Which type of isolation room is required?
Correct — B. Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions with a negative pressure room that has at least 6-12 air exchanges per hour and air exhausted to the outside or through HEPA filtration. This prevents the spread of airborne particles containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
After administering an insulin injection, the nurse should dispose of the used syringe in which manner?
Correct — A. Used needles and syringes must be disposed of immediately in a puncture-resistant sharps container without recapping to prevent needlestick injuries. Recapping needles significantly increases the risk of accidental needlestick injuries. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
Which finding during a room safety assessment indicates an immediate fall risk that requires correction?
Correct — D. Wet floors create an immediate slip and fall hazard and must be addressed immediately. The area should be dried, marked with warning signs, and residents should be redirected. This is a priority safety intervention in fall prevention. -
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep
A resident's room temperature is measured at 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The resident is elderly and has poor circulation. What should the nurse do?
Correct — C. Elderly residents and those with poor circulation are at increased risk for hypothermia. The recommended room temperature for long-term care facilities is 71-81 degrees Fahrenheit. The nurse should adjust the thermostat to provide a comfortable, safe environment.
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep sample questions
Tap any question below to reveal the answer and a plain-English explanation.
Communication And Psychosocial Considerations A resident with chronic pain states, 'I don't want to live like this anymore.' Which response by the nurse demonstrates therapeutic communication?
A. Tell me more about what you are feeling right now. ✓
B. You shouldn't say things like that; tomorrow will be better.
C. Many people feel that way when they have chronic pain.
D. Let me call your family to come visit you.
Correct — A. This open-ended response acknowledges the resident's feelings and encourages further expression of concerns, which is therapeutic. It shows empathy and creates an opportunity for the resident to elaborate on their feelings.
Nursing Care Theory For Chronically Ill Clients A practical nurse is developing a care plan for a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which nursing diagnosis should be the PRIORITY?
A. Knowledge deficit related to new diagnosis of diabetes ✓
B. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to poor circulation
C. Anxiety related to chronic illness diagnosis
D. Activity intolerance related to hyperglycemia
Correct — A. Knowledge deficit is the priority for a newly diagnosed diabetic client because understanding diabetes management, blood glucose monitoring, diet, and medication is essential for preventing complications and promoting self-management. While other diagnoses may be relevant, education is the foundation for effective diabetes control.
Communication And Psychosocial Considerations The nurse observes a resident from a Middle Eastern culture refusing to make eye contact during conversation. What is the MOST appropriate interpretation?
A. The resident is hiding information about their condition
B. The resident is being disrespectful and uncooperative
C. The resident has impaired cognitive function
D. This may be a cultural sign of respect ✓
Correct — D. In many Middle Eastern cultures, avoiding direct eye contact is a sign of respect, particularly with authority figures or healthcare providers. The nurse should recognize this as culturally appropriate behavior rather than a sign of disinterest or dishonesty.
About the CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep test
CLTC Long-Term Care Exam Prep candidates are tested on Other and Anatomy And Physiology Review, in the same format the real exam uses. Every question here comes with a plain-language explanation, so you learn why an answer is right instead of memorising it — with 30 questions to start on.
You will be tested on
- Hazard identification and risk control
- Required workplace procedures
- Personal protective equipment and safe practice
- Compliance, reporting and documentation
How TheoryPractice helps you pass
- Real exam-style questions with instant, detailed explanations
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Topics in this question bank
Hazard identification and risk control
Required workplace procedures
Personal protective equipment and safe practice
Compliance, reporting and documentation
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