GMAT
Practice Test

A box contains tickets numbered 01 to 100.<br/><br/>What is the probability that a ticket selected at random will have number with a tenth digit of 5?

Rectangular floors X and Y have equal area. If floor X is 8 feet by 27 feet and floor Y is 9 feet wide, what is the length of floor y, in feet?

Which of the following is greater than 1/3?

If x=5 and y=-5, what is the value of y2 - 2y + 2x?

What is the smallest integer n for which 16n = 412?

A contractor planned to cover a floor measuring 6.5 feet by 11.8 feet. Realizing that there would be a cabinet covering 2 square feet of the floor at one end of the room, he decided not to cover that portion of the floor. Since the floor covering is only available in multiples of 5 square feet, which amount should he order?

A rectangular field ABCD has a flower garden which is 18 feet by 6 feet. If the garden covers 30 percent of the field, what is the area, in square feet, of the field?

The total cost of food for the raccoons at the Altadena Wildlife Rescue has increased as the number of raccoons at the Rescue has increased.&nbsp;If it costs the same amount to feed each raccoon, is the cost of food for 7 raccoons more than $2,000 annually?<br/><br/>(1) It costs more than $1,000 annually to feed 4 raccoons.<br/><br/>(2) It costs more than $1,500 annually to feed 5 raccoons.

During a two-month period, the price of a gallon of gas increased by 15% after the first month and then decreased by 10% of this new price at the end of the second month. If the price of gas was <em>y</em> dollars per gallon at the beginning of the two-month period, what was the price, in dollars per gallon, by the end of the period?

A baseball coach wants to schedule an extra 1-hour practice on Saturday for players <em>A</em>, <em>B</em>, <em>C</em>, and <em>D</em>. Is there a one-hour period on Saturday that is open for all four players?<br/><br/>(1) On Saturday, <em>A</em> and <em>B</em> are free from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.<br/><br/>(2) On Saturday, <em>C</em> is free from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and <em>D</em> is free from 12:00 noon to 3:00 p.m.

If a + b + c > 1, is a > 2 ?<br/><br/>(1) b + c +2 = 1 (2) a > b + c + 2

Literature professor: A recent study demonstrates that each of the contemporary dramatists George Decker, Robert Peale, and Thomas Green developed certain versification elements in his plays that are unique among dramatists of that period. Therefore, we can analyze the verse of the anonymous manuscript of a play that has just been discovered in the basement of Yaxton House and determine to which of these three dramatists it belongs.<br/><br/>Which statement identifies a possible <em>fact</em> that, if true, would provide significant logical support for the required assumption?

For each of the following statements, select "<em>Inferable</em>" if the statement is reasonably inferable from the given information. Otherwise, select "<em>Not inferable.</em>"<br/><br/>The technical support team received 4% more calls in October of this year than it did in October of last year.

“A certain species of monkey eats 25 percent of its bodyweight per day at the age of 1 month and 10 percent of its bodyweight per day as an adult.” The amount of food eaten by the animal triples once it reaches adulthood.<br/><br/>What is a possible percent by which its weight increases?

Consider each of the following statements. Does the information in the articles support the inference as stated?<br/><br/>Local politicians have more short-term impact on their constituents’ lives.

It can be surmised from the passage that:

Passage O: As women continue to establish themselves in the legal profession, they often work under a degree of scrutiny to which their male counterparts are not subjected.<br/><br/>Even the first woman to serve on the U.S Supreme Court, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, has experienced first-hand differential treatment because of her sex. Despite distinguishing herself at StanfordLawSchool, one law firm offered her only the "gender-suitable" position of legal secretary. Times have certainly changed since that incident in the mid-twentieth century, but women in law continue to fight the perception that their objectivity and abilities are sometimes compromised by their gender.<br/><br/>For example, during a trial in the 1990s, a male defense attorney referred to the female prosecutor as "hysterical" after she made a routine objection during trial. Since hysteria has historically been used to describe emotionally unstable women, the underlying sexism was palpable. Even after reaching the pinnacle of her profession, a study described O'Connor's juridical opinions as "feminine" and thus different from those of her male colleagues. Refuting this characterization, the Justice echoed women reformers in blaming harmful stereotypes for hindering women lawyers' achievement of professional equality.<br/><br/>O'Connor, however, parts ways with modern feminists who seek to establish special niches within the law for women practitioners, favoring instead the struggle for equal rights dissociated from special privileges based on their sex. However, one thing is agreed upon by all involved with this issue: It is ironic that in a field whose mandate is the fair and equal administration of the law and that purports to be worthy of its widely recognized emblem—the blindfolded Lady Justice representing legal equality for all—female lawyers and judges must still work harder to achieve parity and respect.<br/><br/>The author's description of the male attorney's reference to hysteria in the second paragraph serves as an example of

Although water covers approximately sixty-seven percent of the Earth’s surface, less than three percent is fresh water. Accounting for fresh water locked in glaciers, icecaps, or otherwise inaccessible, less than a tenth of a percent of the Earth’s water is available for human consumption. Pollution, population growth, and wasteful irrigation practices they are contributing to a worldwide water shortage. When the clear precious liquid becomes scarce, countries begin to assert claims on fresh water supplies. As a result, drinkable water has become a region of conflict that could eventually lead to greater hostilities between nations.<br/><br/>Some countries such as the United States, have ample sources of water. In other nations, such as China, water is less plentiful. As water resources dwindle, competition for available sources rose. Nations may claim rights to a particular body of fresh water or they may plan to build dams and other projects on rivers. If two or more nations which disagree on water rights or building projects, conflicts can emerge. In order to combat this issue many countries are adopting water conservation and security solutions. The United Nations has implemented programs to combat potential issues that could lead to violence.<br/><br/>How much of the earth is covered by water?

The pop-art movement developed in tandem with the explosion of American consumer culture in the 1950s. With more products to sell than ever before, corporations enlisted television, magazines, billboards, and catalogues to surround people with ads containing bright, glamorous, and sexy images of their wares. Pop artists recognized the captivating power of these visual images and looked to recreate that aesthetic in their art.<br/><br/>Inspired by what they saw in magazines, movies, and even on grocery-store shelves, these renegades set out to show that nearly anything can be turned into a product to be sold. Their method was to shock; their goal to transform attitudes of what's considered "art" The paragon of this movement was commercial illustrator turned pop-art sensation Andy Warhol, who marketed mechanically reproduced prints of existing images ranging from celebrities to soup cans.<br/><br/>Outwardly he cultivated an image of a passive, cool eccentric detached from his art; in reality, he was a workaholic and perfectionist who spent long hours making his detailed works appear effortless. His intention was easily achieved, considering that many did not understand his vision or recognize how it required any effort whatsoever. "Anyone can paint a soup can and call it art," some said. But not just "anyone" did; only Warhol, whose sensibility epitomized the notion that the essence of art lies in its conception. Warhol passed another artistic litmus test by encapsulating in tangible form the tenor of his times; living in a mechanical age of mass production and mass consumption, his work reflected that fact.<br/><br/>Despite the hype and myth-making that continually infused his enterprise, on at least these counts, Warhol earned the title of artist, "pop" or otherwise. The author of the passage is chiefly concerned with.

Passage O: As women continue to establish themselves in the legal profession, they often work under a degree of scrutiny to which their male counterparts are not subjected.<br/><br/>Even the first woman to serve on the U.S Supreme Court, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, has experienced first-hand differential treatment because of her sex. Despite distinguishing herself at StanfordLawSchool, one law firm offered her only the "gender-suitable" position of legal secretary. Times have certainly changed since that incident in the mid-twentieth century, but women in law continue to fight the perception that their objectivity and abilities are sometimes compromised by their gender.<br/><br/>For example, during a trial in the 1990s, a male defense attorney referred to the female prosecutor as "hysterical" after she made a routine objection during trial. Since hysteria has historically been used to describe emotionally unstable women, the underlying sexism was palpable. Even after reaching the pinnacle of her profession, a study described O'Connor's juridical opinions as "feminine" and thus different from those of her male colleagues. Refuting this characterization, the Justice echoed women reformers in blaming harmful stereotypes for hindering women lawyers' achievement of professional equality.<br/><br/>O'Connor, however, parts ways with modern feminists who seek to establish special niches within the law for women practitioners, favoring instead the struggle for equal rights dissociated from special privileges based on their sex. However, one thing is agreed upon by all involved with this issue: It is ironic that in a field whose mandate is the fair and equal administration of the law and that purports to be worthy of its widely recognized emblem—the blindfolded Lady Justice representing legal equality for all—female lawyers and judges must still work harder to achieve parity and respect.<br/><br/>It can be inferred that the irony mentioned in the last sentence of the passage is based on the notion that

Science and literature both attempt to describe human experiences, interactions, and observations.<br/><br/>Science tends to describe the more public aspects of human experience, using several similar examples to create generalizations, theories, definitions, and categories by which to communicate this knowledge to others.<br/><br/>Literature also describes public experiences, but rather than generalizing from similar examples, describes single episodes from the vantage point of the inner reactive experience of the characters involved.<br/><br/>Whereas scientists use language to describe phenomena that can be publicly experienced and shared, writers strive to acknowledge the uniqueness of events while suggesting, through their characters' reaction to them, a universal response they may engender.<br/><br/>Writers are extremely careful in how they arrange their words, recognizing that even slight alterations in word choice or sequence could change not only the meaning of a story, but its aesthetic qualities as well.<br/><br/>The structure of a scientific paper is not as restrictive: as long as the scientist follows a valid path of reasoning to a logical conclusion, the specific arrangement of words is not crucial.<br/><br/>In contrast, creative writers freely bend and break many rules of both logic and grammar. This verbal playfulness provides the reader with new ways of perceiving the words, their sounds, their various meanings, and their relations to one another.<br/><br/>Despite such fundamental differences, science and literature can complement each other in a well-balanced society, and for that matter, in a well-balanced individual.<br/><br/>While science sheds light on the mysterious inner-workings of nature, literature illuminates and celebrates the mysterious inner-workings of the human heart and mind.<br/><br/>The points at which the two disciplines intersect create possibilities for understanding ourselves and our world that neither could offer alone. According to the passage, literature is similar to science in which of the following ways?<br/><br/>I. Literature focuses on the personal reactions of individuals.<br/><br/>II. Literature describes public aspects of human experience.<br/><br/>III. Literature attempts to describe interactions and observations.

Historically, capitalism has been depicted as both an exploitative economic system that benefits a few owners at the expense of many workers and a system that enables virtually anyone to achieve potentially high profits in a free competitive market.<br/><br/>Since the 1980s, a seemingly ironic blending of capitalism and socialism has emerged in the United States in the form of employee ownership plans that give employee owners a financial stake in their companies. The proliferation of these plans indicates that they are not only viable, but profitable. In some socialist-leaning countries in Europe, the model of employee ownership is somewhat artificial. Employees have voting power in their company, yet they do not have any capital investment at risk. This often leads to decisions that spoil the fruits of the corporation's labors.<br/><br/>By contrast, employee ownership in the United States means exactly that—workers own stock in the corporation, and thus at least a small percentage of the capital. Currently, at least 10,000 U.S. companies have made their employees shareholders, representing approximately 20 percent of the American workforce. But does offering a piece of the pie to workers typically result in higher productivity and profitability? Several studies have found that in the first year of employee ownership, productivity gains are about double the average and continue to be higher in the long run. Another benefit is that profitability and stock market returns are typically higher when a company is partially owned by its employees, while job security is just as stable.<br/><br/>Despite the undeniable benefits, there are a few drawbacks. In surveys, shareholding employees claim to be more committed to their work, yet evidence suggests that they do not typically work any harder. Additionally, the majority are just as likely to remain members of their trade unions. Shareholding employees also face the same risks as other owners, namely that the share price can fall. This risk is more significant for employees who have invested most of their wealth in their own company.<br/><br/>Nonetheless, more corporations and employees are finding that under propitious circumstances, employee ownership can be a win-win situation.<br/><br/>It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of employee ownership on U.S. worker performance

Which section of the following passage needs to be edited for incorrect spelling, incorrect grammar, inappropriate word choice or wordiness?

Over 2 billion people live in areas with inadequate sanitation, and more than 1 billion people lack access to clean water. With dirty water being a chief contributor to the proliferation of disease and, consequently, higher mortality rates, the global community feels a sense of urgency to solve the problem.<br/><br/>In 2003, a world water forum in Kyoto, Japan, concluded that significant progress would necessitate increasing investments in water supply systems by more than $180 billion per year. It is clear, however, that the bleak situation will not be ameliorated simply by an increase in expenditure. Given the inadequacies of many water supply systems, substantial improvement will not likely occur without large-scale privatization of the water supply.<br/><br/>Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) oppose private funding. They argue that water is too crucial a commodity to be privatized; that it will make water too expensive for poor people to afford; and that private companies are primarily concerned with profits. The NGOs seem to overlook certain realities of existing water supply systems. About 95 percent of the world's water supply systems are publicly operated, but many of these systems are inefficiently run or even corrupt, often failing to properly maintain water lines or build new ones, particularly in slums and villages. The worldwide toll is staggering. Over five million people die annually due to illnesses resulting from poor-quality water. Most of them are children.<br/><br/>In contrast, many privately run water systems have been successful. Between 1991 and 1999, Argentina's local governments were given the option to privatize their water systems. Over this time period, the child mortality rate fell by 8 percent in privatized regions—a steep 24 percent in the poorest areas. The water systems in other countries have also benefited from privatization. Private water companies have provided excellent service in France for hundreds of years. In Chile, 95 percent of the population now has access to clean, affordable water.<br/><br/>It is unrealistic to imagine that privatization will solve all of the problems of the world's water supply. Nonetheless, considering the failures of public suppliers, privatization could be the best solution. The author responds to the objections raised by non-governmental organizations in the second paragraph by

“Amelia found out she was pregnant, which her husband found interesting, as she did not want kids when they first met.”<br/><br/>Which of the following corrections for this sentence is accurate?

Historically, capitalism has been depicted as both an exploitative economic system that benefits a few owners at the expense of many workers and a system that enables virtually anyone to achieve potentially high profits in a free competitive market.<br/><br/>Since the 1980s, a seemingly ironic blending of capitalism and socialism has emerged in the United States in the form of employee ownership plans that give employee owners a financial stake in their companies. The proliferation of these plans indicates that they are not only viable, but profitable. In some socialist-leaning countries in Europe, the model of employee ownership is somewhat artificial. Employees have voting power in their company, yet they do not have any capital investment at risk. This often leads to decisions that spoil the fruits of the corporation's labors.<br/><br/>By contrast, employee ownership in the United States means exactly that—workers own stock in the corporation, and thus at least a small percentage of the capital. Currently, at least 10,000 U.S. companies have made their employees shareholders, representing approximately 20 percent of the American workforce. But does offering a piece of the pie to workers typically result in higher productivity and profitability? Several studies have found that in the first year of employee ownership, productivity gains are about double the average and continue to be higher in the long run. Another benefit is that profitability and stock market returns are typically higher when a company is partially owned by its employees, while job security is just as stable.<br/><br/>Despite the undeniable benefits, there are a few drawbacks. In surveys, shareholding employees claim to be more committed to their work, yet evidence suggests that they do not typically work any harder. Additionally, the majority are just as likely to remain members of their trade unions. Shareholding employees also face the same risks as other owners, namely that the share price can fall. This risk is more significant for employees who have invested most of their wealth in their own company.<br/><br/>Nonetheless, more corporations and employees are finding that under propitious circumstances, employee ownership can be a win-win situation.<br/><br/>The author uses the phrase "seemingly ironic" in the first paragraph in order to convey the impression that

The Egyptologist chose mostly figurines from the 5th dynasty to display in the latest exhibit, but adding 4th century pottery including coptic jars from several important tombs to round out the display.

Business managers can now turn to a wide array of historical figures for advice on leadership.<br/><br/>Celebrity business guides are based on the premise that the experiences of notable men and women from all time periods and walks of life are relevant to today's business culture, and that skills exhibited in vocations as divergent as prophet, physicist, philosopher, and conqueror are transferable to the corporate boardroom.<br/><br/>The genre particularly favors military figures: Abraham Lincoln, whose entire presidency was consumed by the Civil War, emerges as a modern business consultant in "Lincoln on Leadership;" Attila the Hun, the greatest conqueror of his time, teaches how to get a leg up on the competition in "Victory Secrets of Attila the Hun;" military strategist Sun Tzu's seminal tract on war has re-emerged for aspiring CEOs as "Sun Tzu: The Art of War for Managers."<br/><br/>Perhaps these books contain valid management strategies, but if so, one wonders why they need to wrap themselves in the authority of marginally-relevant personalities.<br/><br/>Some authors of these bestsellers readily admit that marrying modern management techniques with historical figures is a marketing gimmick, but are quick to argue that if the books were not valuable to members of the business community, they would not sell as well.<br/><br/>But is it really reasonable to believe that a manager who, for example, is about to make a presentation launching a new soap product line will take inspiration from episodes of military conquest?<br/><br/>Is it possible that the publishers of celebrity business guides are trading a bit too much on the "business-as-war" metaphor that so heavily pervades modern business culture?<br/><br/>One can accept a publishing phenomenon for what it is: a profit-making venture supported by publicity.<br/><br/>By all accounts these guides are entertaining and include interesting accounts of famous people doing important things.<br/><br/>But the inability of readers to see these books as parodies of the self-importance of corporate managers is mystifying.<br/><br/>Their success may be more attributable to the current business mindset than to any coup on the part of clever authors and publishers.<br/><br/>The author does all of the following in the passage EXCEPT

It is now known that an area at the base of the brain, the pons, generates signals that trigger the onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the state during which normal dreaming typically occurs.<br/><br/>These signals are received in the thalamus, and then relayed to the cerebral cortex. Some believe that dreams may be the cortex's attempt to organize the random information it receives from the pons during REM sleep. This theory is consistent with the seemingly incoherent montage of people, places, and events that often characterizes dreams.<br/><br/>A nightmare is a dream occurring during REM sleep characterized by feelings of anxiety, fear, distress, sadness, guilt, or terror. Researchers now believe that nightmares may be reactions to the stresses and anxieties of daily life, and that they may even provide us with ways of relieving such stress or coping with issues or traumatic events that we are not willing to face directly during waking hours.<br/><br/>There is much confusion between nightmares and night terrors. Despite apparent similarities between these types of disturbing dreams, they can be differentiated biologically and psychologically. Unlike nightmares, which usually wake the dreamer and are often clearly recalled upon waking, night terrors typically don't wake the dreamer and are most often not remembered in the morning. One who suffers a night terror usually experiences confusion and a pervasive feeling of fear or anxiety upon waking, but is not often able to recollect the substance of the episode or the vivid imagery typically associated with nightmares.<br/><br/>Unlike nightmares, which occur generally during REM stages in the second half of the night, night terrors occur during slow-wave non-REM periods, usually within the first few hours of sleep.It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the confusion between nightmares and night terrors to be

The odometer is the mechanism on a car that keeps track of the number of miles that car has traveled.<br/><br/>It is illegal to "roll back" the odometer on a car prior to selling it. The law was intended to ensure that potential buyers would not be duped into thinking they were purchasing a newer car with fewer miles and less wear than was actually the case.<br/><br/>The lawmakers who adopted the law against rolling back odometers presupposed which of the following?