AGPCNP Nurse Exam Prep practice questions and answers 2026. Tap an option to test yourself — you'll see the correct answer and a plain-English explanation for every question. Free, no login.
Q11According to the latest guidelines, patients with diabetic nephropathy should receive specific treatment to prevent disease progression. Which class of antihypertensive medication is recommended for patients with diabetic nephropathy?
✓ Correct answer: C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
Answer: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). ACEIs are recommended for treating patients with diabetic nephropathy to slow the progression of kidney damage.
Q12A lone elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood is most indicative of which condition in adults?
✓ Correct answer: A. Bone disease
Answer: Bone disease ALP is an enzyme related to the bile ducts; however, a lone elevation in ALP is often linked to bone disease, including Paget's disease and bone cancers. In liver disease, elevations in ALP typically coincide with other liver function tests such as ALT and AST.
Q13All of the following statements are true regarding the management of type 2 diabetes in adults except:
✓ Correct answer: D. Every adult patient with type 2 diabetes should be on a long-acting insulin initially.
The correct answer is: Every adult patient with type 2 diabetes should be on a long-acting insulin initially. In the management of type 2 diabetes, initial treatment typically focuses on lifestyle modifications and oral medications, such as metformin. Insulin therapy is not the first choice for every patient and is usually considered when other interventions do not achieve adequate glycemic control. Management involves monitoring of blood glucose levels, lifestyle changes, and possibly medications to maintain good control and prevent complications.
Q14Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with severe liver dysfunction?
✓ Correct answer: B. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Acetaminophen should be avoided in patients with severe liver dysfunction because it is metabolized by the liver. High doses or prolonged use can lead to further liver injury, while Ibuprofen, Loratadine, and Diphenhydramine have less direct hepatic toxicity.
Q15What is the most common cause of anemia in older adults in the United States? Condition Primary Cause Common Impact on Health Iron deficiency anemia Lack of iron Fatigue, weakness Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia Low vitamin B12 levels Neurological issues, fatigue Anemia of chronic disease Chronic illness impact Reduced energy, poor concentration
✓ Correct answer: A. Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: Anemia of chronic disease Anemia of chronic disease is the most prevalent type of anemia among older adults in the United States. It is often associated with chronic infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. It results from the body's response to chronic illness and inflammation rather than nutritional deficits. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide but not in the United States among older adults. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is also common but occurs less frequently than anemia of chronic disease.
Q16When reviewing nutritional studies, which of the following provides the strongest evidence for a dietary intervention's effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular disease risk?
✓ Correct answer: C. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on dietary interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention
The correct answer is: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on dietary interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention. In evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs are considered the highest level of evidence due to their comprehensive evaluation of multiple studies. This level of evidence helps determine the effectiveness of dietary interventions by minimizing bias and providing reliable conclusions. The levels of evidence rankings are: - Meta-analysis and/or systematic reviews (Cochrane/Medline/CINAHL/PubMed) - RCTs (used for testing and medical treatment effectiveness, subjects assigned at random to either a control or treatment group) - Experimental studies (control group, intervention group, randomization) - Cohort/case-control studies - Retrospective chart reviews - Expert/specialty society opinions
Q17Which of the following chronic conditions has the highest mortality rate in older adults in terms of cardiovascular health?
✓ Correct answer: B. Ischemic heart disease
Answer: Ischemic heart disease Ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, is characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart. It is the leading cause of mortality among cardiovascular conditions in older adults. Chronic conditions such as hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation play significant roles in the development and progression of ischemic heart disease. Congestive heart failure, while serious, has a lower direct mortality rate compared to ischemic heart disease.
Q18An elderly patient with a long history of smoking presents with persistent dyspnea and a chronic productive cough. The adult gerontology nurse suspects chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for this condition?
✓ Correct answer: D. Inhaled bronchodilators
Inhaled bronchodilators are considered the first-line treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They help open airways and make breathing easier. Oral corticosteroids may be used during acute exacerbations of COPD, and antibiotics are reserved for bacterial infections. Inhaled corticosteroids can be used in combination therapy for patients with more severe COPD.
Q19A 65-year-old patient presents with a diagnosis of hypertension. The patient has a blood pressure reading consistently between 140-160/90-100 mmHg, experiences occasional headaches, and is currently being treated with lisinopril daily and hydrochlorothiazide PRN. This patient is considered to have a hypertension classification of:
✓ Correct answer: C. Stage 2 Hypertension
Answer: Stage 2 Hypertension. The classification for hypertension is as follows: Normal BP is <120/80 mmHg. Prehypertension is 120-139/80-89 mmHg. Stage 1 Hypertension is 140-159/90-99 mmHg. Stage 2 Hypertension is ≥160/≥100 mmHg. This patient's blood pressure readings and treatment plan align with Stage 2 Hypertension classification.
Q20In the management of an adult patient with osteoporosis, which of the following foods should be recommended for being richest in calcium?
✓ Correct answer: B. Low-fat dairy products
Low-fat dairy products are high in calcium and are recommended for patients managing osteoporosis. These products help maintain bone health. Red meat and poultry have lower calcium content. While fruits and vegetables contribute essential nutrients, they are not the highest sources of calcium. Whole grains, nuts, and dried beans are rich in other minerals like magnesium but offer lower calcium content compared to dairy.
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